純膜MBBR工藝在國內(nèi)外的工程應用
周家中,吳迪,鄭臨奧
(青島思普潤水處理股份有限公司,山東 青島266555)
摘要:純膜MBBR工藝系統(tǒng)不設二沉池,無污泥回流,以附著態(tài)形式存在的懸浮載體生物膜完成污染物的去除,生物膜在流化的作用下實現(xiàn)動態(tài)更新,無需反沖洗,具備抗低溫性能強,處理負荷高,停留時間短,可靈活應用于污水廠生化段,從而獲得優(yōu)良的出水水質(zhì)。總結了純膜工藝污染物的去除特性,描述了該工藝脫碳、硝化和反硝化過程。介紹了國外Lillehammer、Gardermoen、Sjolunda、Phillips Petroleum Borger、TAU污水廠純膜MBBR的設計和應用情況。回顧了國內(nèi)純膜MBBR工藝在微污染水、工業(yè)廢水、市政污水、高氨氮廢水的應用情況。實踐應用表明,純膜MBBR工藝結合更加緊湊的深度處理工藝,最大可節(jié)約80%的占地,具有去除負荷高,工藝流程短,占地省,投資低,運行簡便等優(yōu)勢,適用于污水廠新建以及擴容提標,具有極大的發(fā)展空間和廣泛的應用前景。
關鍵詞:移動床生物膜反應器,懸浮載體,生物膜,純膜MBBR,微污染水,厭氧氨氧化,應急,占地受限
中國圖書分類號:TU992 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1000-4602(2020)16
Engineering Application of Pure MBBR Process at Home and Abroad
ZHOU Jia-zhong, WU Di*,ZHENG Lin-ao
(Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266555, China)
Abstract:There is no secondary sedimentation tank and sludge return in the pure MBBR process system, the pollutants can be removed effectively by biofilm which attached in the suspended carriers. The biofilm can be dynamically renewed by fluidization without backwashing. The pure MBBR process has excellent advantages, such as low temperature resistance, high removal loading, short residence time. It can be flexibly applied to the biochemical section of WWTP, so as to obtain excellent effluent quality. The characteristics of removal pollutants in pure MBBR process are summarized and the decarbonization, nitrification and denitrification processes are described. The design and application of pure MBBR process in Lillehammer WWTP, Gardermoen WWTP, Sjolunda WWTP, Phillips Petroleum Borger WWTP, and TAU WWTP which are located in abroad are introduced. The application of pure MBBR process in micro polluted water, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater and high ammonia nitrogen wastewater in China are reviewed. Practical application shows that combined with a more compact advanced treatment process, the pure MBBR process occupies can save up to 80% of the land occupation compared with the conventional process. The pure MBBR process has the advantages of high removal loading, short process flow, low land occupation, low investment and simple operation. It is suitable for new construction and expansion and upgradation of WWTP, and has more development space and more extensive application prospects.
Key words: MBBR,Suspended carrier,Biofilm,Pure MBBR,Micro-polluted water,Anammox,Emergency, Limited occupancy area
移動床生物膜反應器(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, MBBR)起源于20世紀80年代末的挪威,是一種新型的生物段強化處理技術。工藝基于生物膜機理,通過向反應器中投加懸浮載體提高了系統(tǒng)生物量,豐富了微生物種群結構,從而實現(xiàn)了污染物的高效去除。1991年,首個以MBBR為概念的專利成功申請,同年第一座應用MBBR工藝的污水處理廠Lardal WWTP在挪威順利投入使用[1],掀開了MBBR工藝全球推廣的序幕。MBBR工藝于2000年初引入國內(nèi),開展了一系列工藝研究及小規(guī)模的工程實踐,但受限于工程經(jīng)驗不足,工藝落地推廣受阻。2008年,國內(nèi)首個大型MBBR項目在無錫蘆村污水廠成功實施[2],標志著懸浮載體流化與攔截等工程難題得以解決。在此后的10余年間,MBBR工藝逐步發(fā)展并成為了污水廠新建和升級改造的主流工藝。目前,國內(nèi)應用MBBR工藝的市政污水處理廠數(shù)量在250座以上,總規(guī)模超過1500×104m3/d,同時在工業(yè)廢水處理、給水預處理、河道水凈化、農(nóng)村點源治理等領域有著大量應用。MBBR工藝分為泥膜復合MBBR工藝和純膜MBBR工藝兩種形式[3]。在我國城鎮(zhèn)污水廠提標改造政策實施的大背景下,泥膜復合MBBR工藝以其與原工藝緊密結合、原池改造無需新增用地等方面的優(yōu)勢,得到了廣泛應用;而純膜MBBR工藝的大規(guī)模應用尚處于起步階段。
1純膜工藝及污染物去除特性
1.1 純膜MBBR工藝簡介
泥膜復合MBBR工藝中,微生物同時以懸浮態(tài)活性污泥和附著態(tài)懸浮載體生物膜形式存在、兩者協(xié)同完成對污染物的去除。而純膜MBBR工藝不富集活性污泥,污染物的去除全部依賴于附著態(tài)生物膜,系統(tǒng)不設置污泥回流,如圖1所示。微生物存在形式上,純膜MBBR工藝更接近曝氣生物濾池(BAF)工藝,但進水不受有機物和SS濃度影響,生物膜在流化的作用下實現(xiàn)動態(tài)更新,無需反沖洗,停留時間不受濾速限制。功能區(qū)域布置上,純膜MBBR工藝可應用于好氧和缺氧系統(tǒng)。好氧、缺氧純膜MBBR工藝,既可獨立使用,分別用于強化硝化和反硝化,也可以聯(lián)合使用,形成A/O、A/O/A/O工藝,用于污水脫氮。